Ultimate Guide to Dog Ear Infection Treatment

Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and Home Care

If you share your home with a dog, it’s important to recognize the signs of an ear infection. This is a fairly common issue, affecting roughly 20% of dogs, and if left untreated, it can cause lasting damage, such as scarring that narrows the ear canal. In more serious situations, it can even lead to hearing loss. Dog ear infection treatment is essential for keeping your pup healthy, as untreated infections can lead to pain, hearing loss, and recurring problems

The positive news? Ear infections in dogs can usually be treated—and in many cases, steps can be taken to help prevent them from coming back.

What Causes Dog Ear Infections?

Most ear infections in dogs are caused by a combination of germs, yeast, or parasites, often together with an itchy or irritated ear.

“Ear infections occur when the ear’s natural barrier becomes disrupted and the skin inside isn’t healthy,” explains Dr. Emily Pashaian-Grant, DVM, and medical director at VCA Sylvania Vet Animal Hospital. “That’s why the key to preventing recurring infections is identifying and addressing the underlying trigger. Once you know the cause, you can either manage or eliminate it to keep the ears healthy.”

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Yeast and Bacteria

Just like humans, dogs naturally carry a variety of microorganisms on their skin, known as the microbiome. In most cases, these tiny organisms don’t cause any harm. However, when the ear’s natural defenses are weakened or the skin becomes irritated and inflamed, these germs can multiply beyond normal levels.

“Ear infections typically happen when yeast, bacteria, or sometimes both, start to overgrow inside the ear canal,” explains Dr. Pashaian-Grant.

Ear Mites

Ear mites are small bugs that can live in your dog’s ears. They’re highly contagious between animals, and your dog can even pick them up just by spending time outdoors. While they don’t actually bite, their movement inside the ear canal causes intense itching and irritation. This constant scratching and inflammation can damage the skin, creating the perfect environment for a secondary ear infection to develop.

Moist Ears

Warm, damp environments create the perfect breeding ground for yeast and bacteria. According to Pashaian-Grant, dogs with droopy ears—like spaniels or hounds—tend to be more prone to infections since their ear flaps limit airflow, trapping moisture inside. In contrast, pups with upright ears benefit from better ventilation, which helps keep their ear canals dry. Puppies can get into trouble when they pull or lick each other’s ears. This can add extra moisture and irritation, which might cause an infection.

Allergies

Having repeated ear infections is often connected to allergies. If your pup seems to get ear infections frequently, allergy testing may be necessary, notes Pashaian-Grant. The American Kennel Club points out that around 80% of dogs with food-related allergies and about half of those with environmental allergies (like pollen or dust) will experience ear infections as a symptom.

Dog Ear Infection Symptoms

Ear infections can be quite uncomfortable for dogs. You might notice your pup scratching at the ears often or shaking their head in irritation. Other telltale signs include redness or swelling inside the ear canal, along with brown, yellow, or even green discharge. In many cases, ear infections also come with a strong, unpleasant odor.

Dog Ear Infection Treatment

If you notice any signs of an ear infection, it’s important to get your dog checked by a veterinarian right away, as these infections don’t resolve on their own. In most cases, prescription medication is needed.

Your vet will likely collect a sample of the ear discharge and examine it under a microscope to determine whether the cause is mites, yeast, or bacteria. Based on the findings, treatment may include topical antibiotics, antifungal solutions, or anti-parasitic medications. In more severe cases, especially if the inner ear is involved, oral medication may also be prescribed.

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Most treatment courses last about two weeks, though dogs often start feeling better within just a few days.

For isolated infections, no further action is usually required. However, if your dog experiences repeated ear infections, your vet may suggest allergy testing. This can help create a long-term plan, which could include dietary adjustments or ongoing medications to manage underlying allergies.

Home Remedies to Prevent Ear Infections

Are you looking for ways to treat a dog’s ear infection at home? The best approach is prevention.

Keeping your pup’s ears clean and dry is the most effective way to lower the risk of infections. Veterinarians often recommend cleaning your dog’s ears about once a month. You can pick up an ear-cleaning solution from your vet or a local pet store. If you need a quick DIY option, mix equal parts white vinegar and water to make a gentle cleaner. Apply it with cotton balls or gauze to wipe the ear, but avoid pouring liquid directly into the ear canal—especially if you suspect an infection—as it could harm the eardrum.

For dogs that experience frequent infections, the key is tackling the root cause. In many cases, this comes down to allergies—whether to food proteins, dust mites, or environmental triggers. Addressing these underlying issues helps prevent repeated infections and keeps your furry friend happier and healthier in the long run.

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