If your cat’s backside smells unpleasant or they’re dragging their bottom across the floor, the anal glands may be the culprit.
These tiny bags near the anus of your cat empty a liquid when it goes to the bathroom. However, if the fluid doesn’t empty properly, it can build up and make your feline very uncomfortable. Signs like scooting on the carpet or repeatedly licking at the rear end often point to trouble. Keep reading to learn what causes cat anal gland issues, how to recognize when they need to be expressed, and when it’s time to see the vet.
Symptoms of Cat Anal Gland Problems
One of the clearest indicators of anal gland issues in cats is persistent licking or chewing at their rear end. While scooting or dragging their bottom across the floor is more common in dogs, cats may also do it on occasion when their glands are bothering them.
“When the anal glands become painful, some cats may refuse to use the litter box, vocalize in distress, or even hide,” explains Angela Hoover, LVT, regional technician director with VCA Hospitals. “Of course, those behaviors can also point to other forms of pain or stress. The strongest clue that the anal glands are the problem is the distinct foul smell. When that odor shows up along with constant licking or biting, it’s a major warning sign.”
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What Causes Anal Gland Problems in Cats?
Usually, when a cat passes stool, the anal muscles press on the outside of the glands while firm feces apply pressure from the inside. This combined action pushes fluid out through two tiny ducts positioned at roughly four o’clock and eight o’clock around the anus, explains Hoover.
Problems with the anal glands can happen for different reasons. If a cat has diarrhea or soft stools, there isn’t enough pressure to fully empty the glands. When glands aren’t emptied, the liquid inside thickens, making it more challenging to release.
Blockages can also occur if the small openings become clogged—sometimes due to residue from loose stool, Hoover notes. Sometimes, a lump in the rectal area can be the reason for the problem.
How to Treat Anal Gland Problems in Cats
According to Hoover, the sooner you address anal gland issues, the simpler the treatment will be. “If you see your cat licking as well as biting early and bring them to the vet, the glands can be emptied quickly, and most cats feel relief right away,” she explains.
Cat Anal Gland Expression
Expressing anal glands means applying gentle pressure to release the fluid. Because the ducts are so small and delicate, Hoover recommends leaving this to the veterinary staff. If done incorrectly, it can cause injury, and most cats don’t tolerate the procedure well at home.
Anal Gland Infections
Hoover notes that if a cat has been uncomfortable for some time without intervention, the glands may become infected. In these situations, a vet will perform hand removal of the fluid from the glands and give antibiotics to treat the infection.
When infections are more advanced, they can rupture and form an opening near the rectum. These severe cases usually require sedation so the vet can flush the glands with an antiseptic solution. The cat will then be placed on antibiotics and fitted with an e-collar to stop licking while they heal.
Recurrent Anal Gland Infections
For cats that continue to experience frequent blockages or infections, surgical removal of the anal glands can be considered. Hoover explains that because the glands are not essential, removing them won’t affect a cat’s health long term. However, the surgery is significant and recovery can be lengthy, so it’s generally only done when other options have failed.
Can You Prevent Anal Gland Problems in Cats?
There’s no guaranteed way to stop anal gland issues in felines completely. However, providing a high-quality diet that promotes firm, consistent stools may lower the risk.
Both diarrhea and constipation can make anal gland problems more likely. “If your cat only has soft stools for a day or two, it’s usually not a big concern,” Hoover explains. “But if the diarrhea continues for a week, the glands may have time to fill with fluid that thickens and becomes harder to release.”
It’s essential to pay attention to your cat’s usual bathroom habits. If their bowel movements change, watch closely for other warning signs. “The key is knowing what’s normal for your cat,” Hoover says. “That way, if you notice unusual behavior—like extra vocalizing, excessive licking, chewing, hiding, or avoiding the litter box—you’ll know it’s time to get them checked by a veterinarian.”
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FAQs About Cat Anal Gland Issues
1. What are the signs of cat anal gland problems?
Cats with anal gland issues may exhibit symptoms such as licking or biting at their rear end, avoiding the litter box, scooting occasionally, or emitting a foul, fishy odor.
2. How do you treat cat anal gland issues?
Veterinarians usually express the glands manually. Infected glands may require antibiotics, and severe cases can need flushing or even surgery.
3. Can I express my cat’s anal glands at home?
It’s not recommended. A vet should do anal gland expression to avoid injury or infection, since cats rarely tolerate the procedure at home.
4. How can I prevent anal gland problems in cats?
Feeding a high-quality diet that supports firm stools can help. Monitor your cat’s bowel habits and consult your vet if changes persist.
